As the pulse contains rich blood flow information of the human body, detecting the pulse and deducing the health status of human cardiovascular system are becoming a hot spot. In this study, PbS quantum dots with a size of 3 nm were synthesized using the hot injection method, and a PbS quantum dot photodetector was constructed on the surface of gold forked finger electrode through spin coating. Based on the prepared PbS quantum dot photodetector, a data visualization pulse detection system was developed. Using the optoelectronic capacitance pulse wave recording method, the same tester was measured under different exercise states and different testers were measured under the same exercise state. The measured data was displayed on the electronic display screen through circuit processing. The results show that under the illumination of 15.2 μW·cm^-2 light intensity, its responsivity (R) and light detection rate (D*) are 0.33 A/W and 1.33×10¹² Jones under -3 V bias voltage, respectively. When used in a pulse measurement circuit, the system can effectively receive and measure the human pulse signal. It can be concluded that the pulse detection system based on the PbS quantum dot photodetector meets the application requirements regarding sensitivity, stability, and reliability.