Based on land use change in-depth study of the driving factors affecting regional Ecosystem Service Value ESV has important practical value for regional ecological environment optimisation and human-land relationship coordination Based on the land use data of Yanqi Basin from 1980 to 2020 the land use transfer matrix ecosystem service value assessment hotspot analysis trade-offs and synergies and geodetector were used to comprehensively analyse the land use change spatial and temporal evolution of ESV and ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in the Yanqi Basin as well as to explore the mechanism of spatial variation of ESV spatial differentiation mechanism The results show that 1 Land use changes in Yanqi Basin were remarkable with a significant decrease in the area of unused land and grassland and the largest increase in the area of arable land 2 The ESV increased significantly mainly manifested in the rise of ESV in arable land waters and wetlands and the rise of water containment and waste treatment serv ices 3 The areas of both high-value and low-value ESV zones increased significantly and the area of the ESV high-value zone in Yanqi Basin increased significantly The area of high and low ESV areas increased significantly and the synergistic relationship among ecosystem services in Yanqi Basin was dominated by an increasing trend 4 The main factors influencing the spatial differentiation of ESV in Yanqi Basin were NDVI and annual average temperature the interaction among factors showed an enhanced relationship and the natural factors had a stronger explanatory power than the socio-economic factors The findings of this paper can provide theoretical references for the development of ecological protection and restoration programmes in the Yanqi Basin oasis