As a mainstream technique for correcting myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism, refractive surgery directly impacts patients' visual safety and postoperative satisfaction. With rapid advancements in laser technology, biomechanical evaluation, intraocular lenses, and artificial intelligence, the precision and safety of refractive surgery have significantly improved. However, challenges such as inadequate control of surgical indications and insufficient management of postoperative complications continue to hinder the overall homogenization of medical quality. This article systematically reviews research progress in quality control for refractive surgery globally, comparing international practices with domestic implementations. Studies indicate that developed countries have established evidence-based, multi-tiered quality control systems covering preoperative screening, intraoperative procedural standardization, and long-term postoperative follow-up. While although China has made notable progress in policy standardization and technological application, it still faces challenges including insufficient standardization, delayed data integration, and incomplete regulatory mechanisms. Based on these findings, this paper proposes recommendations to refine quality control metrics, strengthen comprehensive digital monitoring throughout the surgical process, and establish multicenter collaborative networks. These suggestions aim to provide insights for optimizing quality control in refractive surgery in China.