A near-infrared fiber-type Raman spectrum detection system with low cost and simple configuration, which is based on the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect, is reported. This system uses a near-infrared laser diode as the excitation light source. By improving the background suppression ratio of the excitation light, suppressing the Raman noise caused by the excitation laser propagating along the fiber, and eliminating the residual excitation light reflected from the nano-sample surface with cascaded wavelength-division-multiplexing couplers, the SERS spectrum for 4-aminothiophenol is successfully measured with an InGaAs avalanche photo diode detector in photon counting mode instead of the expensive near-infrared photomultiplier or near-infrared charge-coupled device. The fiber-type Raman spectrum detection system may have advantages of simple configuration, miniaturization, low cost and remote detection.