ObjectiveThis paper intends to explore the influence of BRCA1 on the biological behavior and angiogenesis of colon cancer cells.MethodsSpecimens of colon cancer tissues and adjacent tissues (>5 cm from the tumor margin) were collected from 58 patients who underwent radical resection of colon cancer at Tai'an Cancer Hospital from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected. BRCA1 expression in colon cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. The relative expression levels of BRCA1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and ERCC1 were measured in human normal colonic epithelial cells HCoEpiC and human colon cancer cell lines SW480, SW620, DLD-1, Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT-116 using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. SW480 cells were divided into three groups: the colon cancer group (untreated), the NC group (transfected with NC siRNA), and the interference group (transfected with BRCA1 siRNA). Cell survival rate, apoptosis rate, invasion ability and migration ability were detected using the MTT assay, flow cytometry, Transwell chamber assay, and scratch wound assay, respectively. The expression levels of VEGF and ERCC1 in SW480 cells were analyzed by Western blotting.ResultsThe positive expression rate of BRCA1 in colorectal cancer tissues is 44.83% (26/58), significantly higher than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues (13.79%), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR show that BRCA1 expression in SW480 cells is higher than that in other colon cancer cells. Compared with the colon cancer group and the NC group, the interference group exhibits significantly decreased cell viability and invasion, reduced migration distance, and increased apoptosis, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Compared with the colon cancer group and the NC group, both expression levels of VEGF and ERCC1 mRNA and protein in SW480 cells are significantly downregulated in the interference group (P<0.05).ConclusionsDownregulation of BRCA1 expression significantly inhibits the survival, invasion, and migration of colon cancer cells, promotes apoptosis, and suppresses the expression of VEGF and ERCC1, suggesting that BRCA1 may play a key role in colon cancer progression.