In order to solve the problems of high energy consumption and low scheduling efficiency of fiber optic communication transmission network nodes in the Internet of Things environment, a scheduling method for complex fiber optic communication transmission network nodes in the Internet of Things environment is proposed. In the context of the Internet of Things, analyze the distribution of nodes in fiber optic communication transmission network nodes, and based on dynamic alliance theory, construct a complex fiber optic communication transmission network node scheduling model with the goal of achieving the fastest scheduling speed and minimum investment. Through a fusion algorithm combining ant colony and particle swarm optimization, all searches are carried out to obtain the optimal scheduling scheme and achieve node scheduling in fiber optic communication transmission networks. The experimental results show that the average energy consumption of the proposed method’s nodes is below 6.0 mJ, the LBF value is always above 0.20, and the node scheduling time is always less than 200 ms, showing good scheduling performance.