ObjectiveThis study sought to determine the risk factors for pressure injury after heart valve replacement (HVR).MethodsForty-five patients with pressure injury after HVR admitted to the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, from January 2021 to December 2023 were included (pressure injury group), and 50 patients without pressure injury after HVR during the same period served as controls (control group). Clinical data were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression model was used to identify the independent risk factors for pressure injury after HVR, and, Receiver-Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to analyze the ability of each risk factor for predicting pressure injury after HVR.ResultsMultivariate analysis showed that age, body mass index, preoperative serum albumin, cardiopulmonary bypass time, intra-operative blood transfusion, operative time, and intra-operative use of vasoactive drugs were independent factors for pressure injury after HVR (P<0.05). ROC curve showed that these clinical and procedural factors also predicted the occurrence of pressure injury after HVR (all P<0.05).ConclusionAge, body mass index, preoperative serum albumin, cardiopulmonary bypass time, intra-operative blood transfusion, operative time, and intra-operative use of vasoactive drugs were independent factors for pressure injury after HVR. Careful clinical and procedural assessment is important for predicting pressure injury after HVR and improving the prognosis of these patients.