In order to solve the problems of high wet subsidence of loess in contact with water and high carbon emission of traditional cement curing agent, sodium silicate excitation granulated blast furnace slag powder was used to cure loess. The feasibility of geopolymer as an environmentally friendly curing agent to replace cement was evaluated by unconfined compressive test, scanning electron microscope and mercury-in-pressure test. The results show that the compressive strength of geopolymer-cured loess is significantly higher than that of cement-cured loess under the optimal conditions (alkali dosing of 1.5% (mass fraction), curing age of 28 d). The compressive strength of geopolymer-cured loess and cement-cured loess tend to increase and then decrease with the number of dry and wet cycles. The cumulative mass loss of the different cured loess samples after the dry and wet cycles is less than 20%. The surface fissure rate of the different cured loess samples increases with the increase in the number of dry and wet cycles. Under the action of dry and wet cycles, the geopolymer-cured loess generates more cementation products due to the secondary polymerization reaction, which improves the compressive strength. The results of this study can provide theoretical reference for the application of geopolymer-cured loess in practical engineering.