Acoustic wave propagation in the atmosphere changes the atmospheric physical properties and affects the turbulence structure. In this study, COMSOL simulation was used to analyze the coherent acoustic field distribution of a line-array sound source at different source frequencies and acoustic wave transmission distances. Furthermore, a coherent acoustic wave generator was experimentally designed to perform horizontal transmission experiments of near-ground lasers in a coherent acoustic wave-disturbed atmospheric turbulence environment. The laser transmission characteristics in the original and coherent acoustic wave-disturbed atmospheric turbulence environments were compared via a crossover experiment. Moreover, the effects of changes in the height (i.e., acoustic wave transmission distance) between the laser optical path and acoustic source, the acoustic frequency of the acoustic source, and the acoustic pressure level on the transmission characteristics of the laser were analyzed. The results show that the coherent acoustic wave perturbation has a more obvious effect on the beam drift and light intensity flicker but none on the beam diameter. Different source frequencies and acoustic wave transmission distances will produce various acoustic field distributions; additionally, the effect of the coherent acoustic wave perturbation of atmospheric turbulence on the laser transmission characteristics of the impact is different. The larger the sound pressure level, the higher the effect of the coherent acoustic wave perturbation of atmospheric turbulence on the laser transmission characteristics of the impact. The results of this study provide a foundation for the use of acoustic waves to improve the atmospheric turbulence environment and quality of optical transmission.