In the process of 3D reconstruction of structured light, the local specular reflection of highly reflective objects can easily lead to overexposure in the camera, resulting in the loss of detailed features in the overexposed regions. To address this issue, this study proposes a 3D reconstruction method of high reflective object surface based on transmissive liquid crystal display (LCD). Specifically, a transmissive LCD is introduced between the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor and the camera lens. It is theoretically proved that the addition of LCD has no effect on the phase unwrapping results, and a calibration algorithm for LCD pixels and CMOS pixels is proposed to achieve pixel-level control of incident light intensity. The effect estimation model of the mismatch between LCD pixels and CMOS pixels is established and the system error is analyzed. The experimental results show that the method effectively regulates the intensity of the incident light in the highly reflective region. The dynamic range of the imaging system increases from 48.13 dB to 68.95 dB. The spherical fitting error of the standard sphere is 0.072 mm, the radius error is -0.0069 mm, and the flat fitting error of the standard plate is 0.063 mm. The proposed method achieves clear imaging of localized overexposed regions on the surface of the object, and the problem of missing 3D point cloud caused by local overexposure is significantly improved.