Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)-mediated precipitation provides a promising strategy for remediating acid mine drainage (AMD). In batch experiments with manganese- and magnesium-rich acidic wastewater, we examined the cyclical sedimentation-adsorption capacity of an enriched sludge consortium to remove Mn²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₃-N and chemical oxygen demand (COD). High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing showed that Desulfobacterota, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria predominated, forming a Desulfurivibrio-like SRB community. Expansion of this consortium markedly lowered SO₄^2- concentrations and simultaneously reduced the target pollutants. Optimal growth occurred at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and an initial SO₄^2- concentration of 1 000 mg/L. Under these conditions, treatment of real AMD achieved removal efficiencies of 80.5% for Mn²⁺, 80.7% for Mg²⁺, 33.3% for NH₃-N, 81.9% for COD and 73.4% for SO₄^2-. These findings demonstrate the engineering potential of SRB-based anaerobic processes for full-scale remediation of manganese- and magnesium-laden AMD.