In order to address the surface failure issue of H13 injection head, and to determine the optimal parameters for preparing iron-based alloy coatings on the surface of H13 steel using laser cladding technology.Taking laser power, scanning speed, and powder feeding rate as the optimization variables, and dilution rate and aspect ratio as the evaluation criteria for the optimal solution. Based on the orthogonal experimental design method, the influence of the three variables mentioned above on the evaluation indicators was studied, and the range analysis method was used to analyze the results of the orthogonal experiment. By using the comprehensive balance method and establishing a linear regression model, the optimal combination of process parameters is determined to be laser power of 1 400 W, scanning speed of 12 mm/s, and powder feeding rate of 1.2 rad/s. The research results show that the iron-based alloy coating generated under the optimal process parameters combination exhibits excellent performance. Through the analysis of the coating microstructure and phase composition, it was discovered that the coating is mainly composed of phases such as α-Fe, FeNi₃, FeCr, C₂Fe₅, etc. The hardness of the coating has increased by 34.72% compared to the substrate. It can be indicated that the Fe60 clad powder can produce a high-performance coating on H13 injection heads, meeting their operational requirements.