To explore the effects of different cultivation modes on the growth, development and yield of peanuts, and to clarify the optimal cultivation mode of peanuts, peanut ‘Wanhua No. 3’ was used as the experimental material. 6 cultivation modes, namely ridging with film covering (T1), ridging with film covering and removing film (T2), ridging without film covering (T3), parallel cropping with film covering (T4), parallel cropping with film covering and removing film (T5), and parallel cropping without film covering (T6) were set up. The agronomic traits such as the emergence rate, growth period, main stem traits height, and yield traits of peanuts such as the number of insects and fruits per plant under each mode were measured. The results showed that the emergence rates of peanuts in the six cultivation modes were all above 85%. Peanuts treated with T1 had the earliest emergence, flowering and harvest, the shortest growth period and a higher emergence rate. The peanuts treated with T5 had higher main stem height and lateral branch length, and more compound leaves and nodes on the main stem. The T1 treatment resulted in a higher number of full fruits and fruits per plant, as well as a higher full fruit rate, kernel yield, weight per 100 kernels, and weight per 100 fruits. The peanut yields of T4 and T5 treatments were higher, which were 6 266.22 and 6 052.02 kg/hm² respectively. In conclusion, the cultivation method of ridging with film covering can ensure the emergence rate of peanuts, shorten the growth period, increase the number of full fruits and fruits per plant, and improve the full fruit rate, the weight per 100 fruits and the weight per 100 grains. The adoption of parallel cropping with film covering and removing film mode is conducive to increasing the height of the main stem, the length of lateral branches, the number of compound leaves on the main stem and the number of nodes on the main stem.