For the applications of food coloring sorting and medical imaging, a high line frequency and sensitivity 1 024×1-element line column readout circuit was designed for the short-wave infrared InGaAs focal plane. The input stage of the readout circuit adopts a CTIA structure with a high injection efficiency and is designed with four levels of integrated capacitance for different application scenarios, such as low and strong light; the highest gain level of integral capacitance is 10 fF. The transient response of the output stage of the unit circuit is studied, the switch size is optimized, and the high-bandwidth op amp is designed to reduce the time constant of the key node, so as to reduce the noise of the output stage op amp and improve the dynamic range. The readout circuit layout power-supply network was optimized to suppress the voltage drop caused by excessive power consumption. The readout circuit is processed by the standard CMOS 0.18 μm process and is coupled with a photosensitive chip with a pixel center distance of 12.5 μm. The readout circuit adopts the “integral while readout” operation mode. The results show that the power consumption of the 1 024× 1-element line focal plane is 118.8 mW, and the dynamic range is 71 dB. At 10 fF of the integral capacitor, the focal plane noise is less than 3.13 mV, and the ultra-high line frequency readout is 40 kHz.