Low cadmium ion contents in aqueous solutions were determined based on laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Cd2+ ions in aqueous solution were extracted with chelating resin ECS60, and the fluorescence emission of the cadmium chelates excited by a laser at a central wavelength of 447 nm was analyzed. The results showed that the sensitivity of laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy was significantly increased for the detection of cadmium in water. The effect of reaction time of the resin chelating the ions and the acidities of the aqueous solutions on the fluorescence emission intensities of the chelates was studied, indicating that it took 40 min for the resin to form stable Cd2+ chelates at the optimal acidity of pH 6.0. In this case, the strongest fluorescence emission of the chelates was obtained when excited. The laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy could be applied for effective detection of Cd2+ ions in aqueous solutions.