The internal structure and materials of photonic crystal fibers (PCF) have an important influence on the transmission characteristics. The simulation model of PCF can optimize the design of optical fibers quickly and effectively and shorten the development cycle. Using full vector finite element numerical simulation method, the control mechanism of structural parameters on PCF's mode characteristics, birefringence, nonlinearity, effective area, limiting loss and dispersion is studied. By adding and optimizing axisymmetric distributed elliptical air holes, birefringence of 1.39×10-2, limit losses of 10-7 magnitude, nonlinearity of 37.98 W-1·km-1(in HE■■), 44.39 W-1·km-1 (in HE■■) at 1.55 μm is obtained. The a dispersion value of -1.3±0.3 ps/(km·nm) is achieved within the wavelength region 0.8~2.0 μm with flat and approximately zero dispersion.