A liquid droplet atomization device based on surface acoustic waves was designed and fabricated to address the issues of high energy loss, wide particle size distribution, and difficulty in generating large quantities of micro- and submicron-sized droplets using current atomization devices. First, the structure of the surface acoustic wave device was modeled using COMSOL simulation software and subjected to piezoelectric simulation analysis, simulating the vibration propagation of the surface acoustic wave and obtaining a resonant frequency of 18.269 MHz. Second, based on the acoustic-piezoelectric coupling multiphysics field, the diffraction of sound waves at the solid-liquid interface and the propagation of sound waves in the liquid were simulated. Finally, a surface acoustic wave atomization experimental device was fabricated to perform liquid droplet atomization experiments. By adjusting the excitation signal frequency and input power, stable atomization of droplets is achieved, and the droplet size distribution after atomization is tested. The experimental results showed that under the conditions of an input signal amplitude of 420 mV and a resonant frequency of 19.259 MHz, the device generated a large number of small micron-sized droplets with a droplet size distribution showing three peaks mainly concentrated at 3 μm, 30 μm, and 500 μm.