Shortwave infrared imaging is a popular topic worldwide. By receiving shortwave infrared radiation for detection and imaging, more information about the target objects can be obtained, compensating for the shortage of visible light imaging to achieve full-band imaging. Based on the optical characteristics, imaging principle, and optical system structure design of shortwave infrared optical imaging, this study compares the advantages and disadvantages of shortwave infrared imaging with visible light and medium-long wave infrared imaging. It briefly introduces the characteristics of indium gallium as a detector in shortwave infrared imaging systems, its development status at home and abroad, and the application of shortwave infrared imaging in different fields. Finally, future developments of shortwave infrared imaging are discussed.