To achieve periodic closed-loop correction of multiple lasers with different wavelengths in the visible wavelength band, a laser beam combining system is designed. This system involves independent monitoring and adjusting of beam pointing and position deviation. First, according to the application requirements of the system, the design indexes of the beam combining system and the overall beam combining scheme are proposed. Then, based on the overall beam combining scheme, we establish the beam control model for the beam combining system. Through numerical simulation experiments, we obtain the solution method for beam control of the beam combining system. The closed-loop beam combining system realizes independent monitoring of the unit beam’s pointing and position deviation through the respective beam pointing and position monitoring device. The monitoring results are then used to calculate the control quantity of the beam adjusting device. The independent and efficient adjustment of beam pointing and position deviation is achieved using a two-dimensional swing mirror and a one-dimensional platform, respectively. Finally, a closed-loop beam combining simulation experimental system with beam monitoring and adjustment device is built using two laser beams of different wavelengths. The periodic closed-loop beam combining system is verified to have an effective beam combing effect. The experimental results demonstrate that over an extended operational period, both lasers achieve precise beam combining with the reference optical path. Furthermore, the beam combining pointing accuracy is better than ±7 μrad, and the positioning accuracy is better than ±0.84 mm. The laser beam combining system developed in this study boast high beam combining accuracy, a fast correction speed, and excellent augmentability for multiple laser beams. Besides, it can accomplish periodic closed-loop beam combining of laser beams, ensuring long-term working stability of the combined laser.