In this paper, a data transmission method based on the combination of the characteristics of the angular momentum of the vortex optical orbit and octal data encoding is proposed. The principle is to encode the transmitted data in octal and map each bit into different sizes of topological charges, use orbital angular momentum keying method to obtain the corresponding topological charge of the vortex light, and utilize the double amplitude grating to detect the topological charge so as to obtain the corresponding encoded data and finally carry out the reverse decoding. The simulation results show that compared with conventional binary optical transmission, vortex optical octet data transmission has a larger channel capacity. Finally, the actual scroll light grid image is obtained and analyzed through the concrete experiment, and the feasibility of encrypted transmission of scroll light 8-bit data is verified.