The aluminum alloy body of the high-speed train needs to be textured before painting to improve the painting performance. The QCW 1 500 W fiber laser is used to carry out systematic experiments of laser roughen process on the 6061 aluminum alloy die steel surface. The influence of pulse width, laser power, and scanning speed were analyzed by single factor method. The roughness, corrosion resistance, and coating adhesion before and after texturing were measured. The results show that the laser parameters have significant impact on the textured shape and size. The corrosion rate of the surface after texturing can be reduced to 1/3 of that before texturing. The textured morphology with one side pit and one side convexity significantly improves the coating adhesion on the surface, which can reach more than 2 times that before texturing.