To solve the problem of aero-optical effect of the aeronautical platform on the performance of the laser communication system of the aeronautical platform, the influence of the aero-optics effect on the optical transmission performance of the laser communication system is examined under the condition of different flight speeds and altitudes. The large eddy simulation method is used to simulate the aerodynamic flow field around the optical terminal of laser communication at different flight speeds and altitudes, the density change of the flow field is calculated, and the refractive index field is established according to the density data. Furthermore, the Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the beam equation, trace the beam, and calculate and analyze the optical path difference distribution and Strehl ratio of the whole field of view of the communication beam passing through the flow field. The simulation results show that as the flight speed increases, the change in flow field density becomes more intense, optical path difference increases gradually, and Strehl ratio decreases. In the case of the same speed, as the flight altitude increases, the flow field density fluctuation decreases, optical path difference decreases, and Strehl ratio increases. The results of this study are of guiding significance for compensating the aero-optical effect in the process of airborne laser communication and obtaining better communication quality.