Polarization information and orbital angular momentum information are important carriers of optical signals of optical information, as well as important parameters of optical information processing. In this paper, an Archimedes double helix structure is designed on a quartz substrate, and the finite element method is used to calculate the patterns of transmitted light intensity distribution generated by the coupling of the incident light and the metasurface, when the incident light has different orbital angular momentum and polarization information and irradiates the above-mentioned metasurface. According to this pattern, the polarization information of the incident light can be detected. In order to detect the orbital angular momentum of the incident light, a new calculation method is also proposed, which calculates the offset of the intensity center of the transmitted field generated by the coupling of the incident light and the metasurface and uses it to characterize the orbital angular momentum of the incident light. Finally, the relationship between the orbital angular momentum of incident light and the offset of the intensity center is fitted successfully, which realizes the detection of the orbital angular momentum of incident light. This research provides a new idea for detecting the information carried by incident light.