There are many factors that affect the imaging of large-aperture ground-based adaptive optics system. In order to obtain high-resolution imaging near the diffraction limit, it is necessary to optimize the key parameters of the adaptive optics system. This paper analyzes the error sources that affect the imaging of ground-based optical telescopes and establishes a reasonable error budget model. The simulation method was used to verify the model, and optimized analysis of key parameters such as turbulence conditions, telescope aperture, sampling frequency, deformable mirror driver spacing, and guide stars. Compared with emulation, the results show that the prediction accuracy of the error model can reach within 30 nm under better observation conditions. This model also provides a reference for the application of adaptive optics in the fields of biological microscopy imaging, fundus imaging, and laser atmospheric communication.