The global myopia rate shows an increasing trend year by year. Therefore, the research on the prevention and control of adolescent myopia has become a hot spot in the field of ophthalmology research. At present, the research mainly focuses on the following three aspects: outdoor activities in sunlight, low concentration atropine and peripheral defocus technology. Among them, peripheral defocus technology is the most diversified in myopia prevention and control products, which mainly include orthokeratology lens, peripheral defocus mutifocal soft lens and peripheral defocus spectacle lens. In this paper, the application of peripheral defocus technology in myopia prevention and control will be discussed based on the history of myopia research and the new achievements of myopia prevention and control.