In the high-energy laser removal of tree barriers on transmission line channels, excessive laser energy may lead to extreme fire and subsequent fire. To analyze the temperature characteristics and efficiency law when laser irradiates tree barriers, six typical tree types were used as research objects to establish the ablation model. Subsequently, the factors affecting the temperature and efficiency when laser burns tree barriers were studied. The simulation analysis was conducted for the influence of laser power, tree types, and wind speed on the tree burning situation. Finally, the laser burning tests were carried out. The results show that the clearing efficiency increases with laser power. With the increase in tree density, the ablation thickness tends to decrease. Within the density range of 246~963 kg/m3, the ablation thickness is 110~430 nm, and the difference in the time required to clear different kinds of trees will reach four times. With the increase of wind speed, the maximum temperature of the irradiation center when laser burns tree barriers gradually decreases, and the ablation penetration time decreases by 6.42%~12.53% when the wind speed increases from 0.3 m/s to 3 m/s. The wind speed has a slight improvement effect on the efficiency of laser tree barrier removal.