Road ecosystem monitoring is the foundation and key link for understanding the quality status and causes of changes in road ecosystems， and is of great significance for road ecological environment protection and sustainable development. Due to its advantages such as large-scale， multi-temporal， high-precision， and comprehensiveness， remote sensing technology has gradually become the main means of road ecological monitoring. This article reviews the domestic and international research progress from three aspects of remote sensing monitoring with landscape pattern， vegetation status and species diversity monitoring， summarizes research trends， points out the main problems and challenges faced by current research， and proposes future development prospects. Research has shown that （1） remote sensing monitoring of road ecosystems covers a wide range of aspects， with rich research results. Different remote sensing monitoring methods have their own advantages and disadvantages in application. （2） At present， remote sensing monitoring of road ecosystems still faces many challenges， such as insufficient monitoring during road construction， weak targeting of monitoring and evaluation indicators， limited remote sensing monitoring based on road characteristics， and unclear delineation of road boundaries. Therefore， future research should establish multiple indicators from a multidimensional perspective to evaluate the ecological status of the road construction period. Based on the linear engineering characteristics of land transportation facilities， targeted monitoring technologies should be developed to improve monitoring efficiency and real-time performance.