By studying the microstructure, phase composition, and atomic weight of grain boundaries and dendrite elements of the high-entropy alloy cladding layer under different parameters, the effects of process parameters on the preparation of high-entropy alloys by laser cladding were revealed. The results show that under the constant laser power, the phase structure of AlCoCrCuFeNi high-entropy alloy gradually changes from bcc phase to bcc phase +fcc phase with the increase of scanning speed. Compared with the melting and casting method, the laser cladding aluminum alloy has an additional fcc solid solution phase mainly composed of Al element. The high-entropy alloys mainly develop from dendrites at the bottom to equiaxed crystals at the top. Through EDS analysis, it is found that Al element segregates seriously, and Cu element has a small amount of segregation at the grain boundary. The scanning speed has a significant effect on the alloy quality.