By setting polarization measurements channel in ultraviolet (UV) atmospheric constituents probe, the detection input value of UV atmospheric spectral radiance polarization is corrected based on the Stokes vector approach. The method of analytical functions is used to establish a mathematical model for the degree of polarization when correction error is largest, and the polarization degree maximum error correction is decreased from 6.6% to 1.6% in the working wavelength from 240 nm to 380 nm. The maximum influence on the atmosphere measurements is strongly reduced due to atmospheric scattering of incident light polarization detection, and the accuracy of UV atmospheric measurements is improved, which provides theoretical and experimental basis for aerospace remote sensing instruments to measure UV atmospheric.