In order to investigate threshold phenomena of laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs),experimental study was carried out of energy density threshold and pulse number threshold of laser induced periodic surface structures on bulk copper,aluminum,and silver samples under different experimental parameters. The laser energy accumulation effect was then explored to explain the evolutions and threshold phenomena of laser-induced surface periodic structures. In addition,based on the laser energy accumulation and the assumption of Gaussian energy distribution of pulsed laser,scanning velocity,distance of two adjacent scan lines and pulsed laser energy density were optimized in order to fabricate high-uniform and large-area period surface structures,which were in good agreement with present experimental results.