An adaptive optical system based on an piezoelectric deformable mirror was established to compensate the wavefront aberration of laser beams by using a 37-unit piezoelectric deformable mirror controlled by the hybrid Simulated Annealing-Hill Climbing (SAHC) algorithm. With the hybrid SAHC algorithm, Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm was used first to provide a good start point, and then the hill climbing algorithm was used to achieve wavefront aberration compensation. It needed only a few iterations of SA process to provide a good start point. As the hill climbing algorithm has a very fast process speed, the number of iterations to obtain the same correction effect has been reduced by 50% as compared with that of the normal SA algorithm. Meanwhile, the probability of falling into the local optimum is very small, for it has the good start point. The SAHC algorithm is proved to have better correction efficiency for laser beam wavefront by experiments.