In view of the influencing factors of the anti-submarine effectiveness of sonar buoys, the combat process of aviation anti-submarine is analyzed. In the initial stage of the mission, according to the characteristics of the superior information, the probability distribution model of submarine is established, and the Monte Carlo-like method is used to visually characterize the submarine distribution in several typical combat scenarios. In the mission planning stage, based on the law of large numbers, the influence characteristics and mechanism of the geometric elements of the buoy array on the anti-submarine effectiveness are obtained by using the method of multiple statistical treatment of simulation test results. In the mission execution stage, the influence characteristics of ocean currents on the anti-submarine effectiveness of sonar buoys are clarified by comparing and analyzing the simulation results. Based on the research results of influencing factors, the design focus of the anti-submarine auxiliary decision-making system is proposed.