An augmented reality integral imaging three-dimensional (3D) display system based on holographic optical element is designed. Theoretical analysis is carried out on the record and reproduction of holographic optical element based on reflection volume holographic principle, and a holographic optical element with size of 20 mm×20 mm is recorded by setting up the experimental light path. The holographic optical element reflects the micro-lens array imaging function only for light which meets Bragg conditions, and it reproduces the virtual 3D image. The light emitted from the real 3D object can directly go through the holographic optical element. Therefore, the holographic optical element is used as an image fusion element to realize the fusion of the real 3D object and virtual 3D image. The developed optical see-through augmented reality 3D display system reproduces a better virtual 3D image and realizes the effective fusion with the real 3D object, which achieves the augmented reality 3D display effect.