Near infrared laser induced fundus disease is a disease of the fundus caused by excessive laser energy after irradiation of the eyes with the near infrared laser. With the continuous progress of science and technology, infrared laser is widely used in various fields, which leads to an increase in the number of cases of fundus damage caused by its action, causing widespread concern among people in medical related fields. In this paper, we start from the epidemiological status of near infrared laser induced fundus disease, briefly introduce the clinical manifestations and fundus changes after the injury, and summarize the possible pathological changes and mechanisms of near infrared laser induced fundus disease, treatment plan and prognosis, safety and safety protection. We hope to raise public's awareness of laser safety, reduce the incidence of laser-induced visual injuries, and provide reference and help for future research.