Spectral coding refers to the means of combining the limited spectral signal output to obtain more spectral signal output, which meets the requirements of high-throughput biological detection and imaging and high-capacity information storage. The output of signal usually used for spectral coding includes fluorescence spectrum, Raman spectrum and reflection spectrum. Among them, the Raman spectra have great potential in the field of spectral coding due to the narrow band width and difficult overlap, especially the three-bond Raman spectra in the bio-silent zone with sharp, specific band and no background interference. In this paper, the types and coding methods of Raman spectral coding are reviewed, and the applications of Raman spectral coding in biomedical detection, imaging and information security are also introduced.