Dolomite mineral deposits are abundant and widely distributed in our country.Calcium carbonate whiskers were prepared by gas-liquid contact method using dolomite refining solution and carbon dioxide as experimental raw materials. The effects of impurity ions Mg2+, NH+4 and NO-3 on the aspect ratio and morphology of calcium carbonate whiskers were studied. Morphology and phase structure of the products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the morphology and aspect ratio of calcium carbonate whiskers are the best when the concentration of NH+4 is 0.3 mol/L, the concentration of Mg2+ is 0.05 mol/L, and the concentration of NO-3is 0.2 mol/L, the aspect ratio reaches above 25 at the highest. Finally, the crystallization process and growth mechanism of calcium carbonate whiskers are explained by combining with crystal growth theory.