Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is a technology that uses liquid crystal materials to display images. It has advantages such as high durability, reliability, low power consumption, high resolution, and low radiation, and is widely used in military, automotive, medical equipment and other fields. In actual application environments, due to the differences in application regions and fields, LCD modules are often in wet and hot or cold environments. In humid-heat and cold environments, LCD modules will encounter problems such as image distortion, internal structure corrosion, “Mura” defects, and deformation of liquid crystal molecules. All these may cause irreversible damage to the modules and lead to the screen being unable to function properly. This paper provides a comprehensive review of damage conditions in LCD modules under humid-heat and cold environments. It introduces the fundamental components and working principles of liquid crystal displays, discusses the optimization measures implemented under different environmental conditions, and analyzes the potential issues and challenges in future development. The study concludes with perspectives on technological advancements and application prospects in this field.