Phosphogypsum cementitious materials are formed by mixing phosphogypsum, auxiliary cementitious materials, admixtures and other raw materials according to a certain proportion to form a hardened body with a certain mechanical strength, which has a broad application prospect in the fields of construction, road, environmental treatment and so on. In this paper, based on the existing research results on the preparation of cementitious materials from phosphogypsum at home and abroad, the reaction mechanism and application progress of phosphogypsum cementitious materials are summarized, and the factors affecting the mechanical properties of phosphogypsum cementitious materials are summarized, including the type of phosphogypsum, impurities, dosage, particle size, auxiliary dopants and admixtures, etc. At last, an outlook is given to the development direction of the phosphogypsum cementitious materials, and it is proposed that the future development of composite and functional materials should be developed in the same time as exploring the new type of highly efficient impurity removal processes, and synergizing with other solid wastes to reduce the risk of material leaching toxicity.