A preliminary research of noninvasive monitoring of blood glucose concentration is performed using the photoacoustic detection technique, and a noninvasive photoacoustic detection system is established. A tunable pulsed laser is used as the excitation source and a confocal ultrasonic transducer is used to capture the photoacoustic signal of glucose concentrations. The pre-amplifier, data transmission based on GPIB-USB bus and virtual instruments developing software LabVIEW are used in this system. The time-resolved photoacoustic signals for the glucose solutions with concentration from 0 mg/dL to 300 mg/dL are acquired based on the established photoacoustic detection system. The glucose solutions with different concentrations are scanned by the tunable pulsed laser with output wavelength from 1300 nm to 2300 nm and with interval of 10 nm, and the photoacoustic peak-to-peak values are obtained. In order to obtain the characteristic wavelengths of the glucose solution, the difference spectrum algorithm and the first order differential derivative are used. The mathematical correction model between glucose concentrations and photoacoustic peak-to-peak values is established by means of linear least square fitting algorithm for the optimized characteristic wavelengths, and the glucose concentrations are inverted. Two better characteristic wavelengths are chosen based on the minimum root mean square error.