With the intensification of population aging, the patient population with age-related cataract (ARC) continues to expand, accompanied by a surging demand for surgical interventions. Medical quality control of ARC serves as a crucial mechanism in ensuring the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of cataract treatments. Therefore, establishing and refining a medical quality control system for ARC holds significant importance for enhancing the quality of ophthalmic medical services in China. This article synthesizes current research progress from multiple dimensions including domestic and international clinical guidelines, key points of medical quality control, and existing limitations. Furthermore, it provides insights into future directions, offering a theoretical foundation for standardizing ARC clinical practices and improving surgical outcomes.