Cement-based materials are widely used in civil engineering because of high strength and easy construction, but the shortcomings of brittleness and poor flexural properties also limit their application under the condition of high bending resistance. In order to improve the flexural strength, epoxy resin emulsion, nano-SiO2 and polyvinyl alcohal (PVA)-steel hybrid fiber were added into cement-based materials. The flexural properties and microstructure of cement-based repair materials were studied by the effects of epoxy resin emulsion, nano-SiO2 and PVA-steel hybrid fibers, which were measured by flexural strength test and scanning electron microscopy test, respectively. The results show that the flexural strength of cement-based repair materials increases first and then decreases with the increase of epoxy resin emulsion content from 0% to 12% (mass fraction), and the maximum flexural strength reaches 7.44 MPa. Both nano-SiO2 and PVA-steel hybrid fiber can increase the flexural strength of cement-based repair materials by more than 45%, and steel fiber has a more significant effect on the flexural strength. The addition of epoxy resin emulsion and nano-SiO2 can increase the internal structure density of the matrix greatly to improve the flexural strength of cement-based repair materials. In addition, the bond between the fiber and the matrix is improved for the polymer attached to the surface of the incorporated fiber. This study will provide reference for the application of cement-based repair materials under high bending resistance conditions.