In the process of using an X-ray imager to detect contraband, the conversion, and transmission of detection signal are easy to lead to the problems of low contrast and blurred edges of contraband images. In this paper, a double mask image enhancement algorithm based on image preprocessing and resharpening is proposed to improve the quality of X-ray contraband images. Image preprocessing is mainly used to remove the noise and corner shadow in the process of image imaging. The experimental results show that the image preprocessing algorithm proposed in this paper has an obvious effect on the removal of the corner and corner problems and image noise. In this paper, a counter-sharpening double mask image enhancement method is proposed to enhance the image details of different scales. Experimental results show that the anti-sharpening double mask image enhancement algorithm has an obvious enhancement effect on image contrast and edge details of contraband, and can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of contraband detection. By changing the tube voltage to change the brightness of the image, the image preprocessing and image enhancement methods are proven to have good robustness.