The technique of fluorescence spectroscopy is applied to study thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in the cells of human brain. Experimental results show that, by the violet light emitting diode (LED, λmax=407 nm) light irradiation, TrxR is able to emit three striking spectral bands (528-582 nm; 588-660 nm; 683-700 nm). The fluorescence intensity is linear to the concentration of TrxR. The spectrum of denatured TrxR is rather different from that of organized TrxR, which reflects the structure change between denatured TrxR and organized TrxR. Furthermore, physical and biochemical mechanisms of fluorescence production for LED light-induced TrxR spectra and its characteristics are analyzed. This paper may be useful to better understand the structure of TrxR, and to provide new spectroscopic information to improve the resolution for this kind of biology structure.