The study aimed at the efficient disposal of acidic harmful gases generated in the production of laboratories and analysis rooms in mining, geology, metallurgy and other industries. Natural clay minerals, alkali metal minerals and inorganic additives were took as raw materials, a series of composite acid gas adsorbents were prepared through formula design and extrusion molding, and their adsorption performances were studied by acid solution immersion experiment and fixed bed dynamic adsorption experiment. The results show that the soaking adsorption amounts of composite acid gas adsorbent on HCl and HNO₃ are 0.50~0.80 g/g and 0.55~0.95 g/g, and the adsorption amounts of Cl^- and $NO3-$ on volatile HCl and HNO₃ absorbed for 4 h are more than 35 and 40 mg/g, respectively, which are much higher than that of activated carbon and the same type of products on the market. The composite acid gas adsorbent has uniform microporosity, and its microstructure and chemical composition are more conducive to the diffusion, capture and reaction of volatile acid gas. The adsorption process on Cl^- and $NO3-$ is in accordance with the pseudo-second order kinetic model, which indicates it is mainly through chemical adsorption and absorption, and physical adsorption to remove volatile HCl, HNO₃ acid gas. The composite acid gas adsorbent has certain promotional value.