Hyperspectral imaging detection technology is a type of detection technology that combines spectral and imaging technology, helping to bridge the gap in high-precision underwater detection. This technology enables the simultaneous acquisition of the two-dimensional spatial and one-dimensional spectral information of a target, allowing for close-range and high-resolution visualization during seafloor detection and mapping, which has significant application prospects in efficient ocean detection and seafloor target identification. Consequently, it has become a key research focus among marine researchers worldwide. This article first provides a brief description of the structural composition of the underwater hyperspectral imaging system, followed by its application in different operational platforms such as underwater fixed agitation orbits, underwater vehicles, and surface vehicles. Subsequently, the current problems and challenges facing underwater hyperspectral imaging technology are outlined, and its prospects for future development are forecasted.