This paper investigates the microstructure alterations of aluminum surfaces subjected to ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser processing. It encompasses an analysis on laser ablation thresholds computation on material surfaces and scrutinizes experimentally the influence of laser pulse frequency and ultrasonic vibration on the diameter of laser ablation craters. Results revealed that ultrasonic vibration application led to a decrease in crater diameter by 0.67 μm to 2.82 μm, an elevation in the ablation threshold from 5.76 J/cm2 to 6.52 J/cm2, and an increase in trajectory width from 46.3 μm to 62.2 μm at a scanning speed of 100 mm/s. Furthermore, it enabled the formation of a unique ellipsoidal structure exhibiting reduced surface roughness.