Sun glint is a significant factor influencing sea surface target detection. For land observation platforms, a sea surface glint suppression method based on the reconstruction of common and feature components of linearly polarized images is proposed using the polarization characteristics of glints. We use a focal plane polarization camera to obtain four-channel linear polarized images, calculate the scene’s polarization information, and generate a glint suppression image. Based on suppressing scene glint with polarization information combined with the characteristics of linear polarization images, the light intensity components of the glint suppression image are decomposed into common and characteristic components, and new weight factors are reassigned to obtain the reconstructed glint suppression image. The glint polarization imaging experiments show that in the three sets of typical experimental data, the proportion of saturated pixels in the reconstructed glint suppressed image is decreased by up 79.07%. Compared to the intensity image, and the spatial frequency and contrast are increased by up to 73.77% and 172.73%, respectively. The method proposed in this paper effectively suppresses the glint noise in the sea scene and performs well in restoring background detail information.