To promote the understanding of myopia prevention and control guidelines, to understand the relationship between study time and outdoor activity time and the degree of myopia, random sampling method was used to select 200 sixth-grade primary school students in Jiangning District of Nanjing City to conduct a questionnaire survey with five items. We also design relevant practical activities that are conducive to myopia prevention and control and carry out the design of two forms of myopia prevention and control activities. 52.5% of the 200 primary school students were myopia and long-term study time was probably a cause of myopia. The length of outdoor activities may have a certain impact on myopia. The longer the outdoor activities, the lower the degree of myopia. There is a certain proportion of myopia in primary and middle school students. According to the corresponding situation, a reasonable outdoor exercise time should be increased to cultivate students’ interest in outdoor activities, improve their enthusiasm for participating in outdoor activities, and achieve the purpose of preventing and controlling myopia.