As a form of scripture on palm leaf carriers, the identification of the species of palm leaves used in the preparation of the Palm leaf manuscriptures is of fundamental importance for the study of their production techniques, origins, and conservation. This study employs Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRs) technology to conduct non-destructive analysis and identification of the species of leaves commonly used in artifacts of Palm leaf manuscriptures, namely the Borassus flabellifer and Corypha umbraculifera. Near-infrared fiber optic probes were used to collect spectral data from samples of Yunnan Province. The raw spectral data obtained were preprocessed using Savitzky-Golay smoothing (SG), Standard Normal Variate Transformation (SNV), and Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC) methods. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was then applied to analyze the preprocessed spectral data. Through SIMCA binary qualitative analysis, a calibration model for predicting the species of Bayi scriptures using near-infrared spectroscopy was established. The application of this model to three types of Palm leaf manuscriptures demonstrated a significant linear correlation between the near-infrared spectra and the species of leaves, thereby validating the feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy technology for the rapid and non-destructive identification of the species of leaf carriers in artifacts of Palm leaf manuscriptures.