A numerical model of time-resolved laser-induced radiation model of micro-scale carbon particulates based on non-Fourier heat diffusion is developed, through adapting thermal relaxation time to present time lag between thermal disturbance and response inside particles, as well as correcting air conductivity coefficient via Kn number to judge flux region of heated particles. Theoretical temperature and radiation signal profiles of heated carbon particulate are presented, in order to discuss the effect of radiation signals of micro-scale particles on different thermal relaxations and laser fluences. The results show non-Fourier phenomenon becomes obvious in radiation signals, in the case of high thermal relaxation, high laser fluence, and small particles. The discussion of the numerical results provides guidance for laser-induced radiation technique measuring the concentration and size of micro-scale carbon particulates in high temperature environment.